Cavities: What You Need to Know

Cavities are the leading cause of tooth loss, making it essential to understand how to recognize, prevent, and treat them. Medically referred to as “tooth decay,” cavities are the most common dental issue and the second most prevalent health condition after the common cold. The good news is that when caught early, cavities can be treated effectively to prevent more serious dental problems in the future.

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Causes of Cavities

Cavities develop when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth’s enamel. Several factors can increase the risk of tooth decay, including:

  • Poor dental hygiene
  • Diets high in sugar and starch
  • Smoking
  • Inadequate fluoride exposure
  • Chronic illnesses or medications that reduce saliva production
  • Drug use

Symptoms of Cavities

In the early stages, cavities can be difficult to detect. Common symptoms include:

  • Mild sensitivity to cold
  • Slight discoloration or white spots on the tooth
  • A visible dark spot as the decay reaches the dentin
  • Increasing sensitivity or discomfort
  • Bad breath or a persistent bad taste in the mouth

If decay reaches the tooth’s pulp, it can cause significant pain and may lead to infection or an abscess if left untreated.

Cavity Treatment Options

The appropriate treatment depends on the severity and location of the cavity. Common treatment options include:

Fillings
Ideal for small to moderate cavities, fillings involve removing the decayed area and restoring the tooth with materials such as composite resin or porcelain.

Crowns (Caps)
For larger cavities, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed and the remaining tooth is reshaped to support a crown. The crown is then placed over the tooth to restore function and protect it from further damage.

Root Canal Therapy
If decay reaches the pulp, a root canal may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the pulp and nerve tissue, disinfecting the root canals, and sealing them. A crown is typically placed afterward to reinforce the tooth.

Cavity Prevention

Preventing cavities is easier and more cost-effective than treating them. Follow these best practices:

  • Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss once daily
  • Limit sugary and starchy foods and drinks
  • Schedule dental check-ups every six months
  • Get professional cleanings at least once a year—or twice a year if you smoke or use tobacco

Cavities are common, but they don’t have to disrupt your life. For affordable, professional treatment and preventive care, visit our office in Cooper City today.